बजेट
cfb/0fLo cfdfa'af, lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efOx?,
·
g]kfn olta]nf ;ft
bzsb]lvsf] /fhgLlts ptf/r9fj, bz jif]{ hgo'4, pGgfO; lbg] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng,
t/fO{ dw]z cfGbf]ng / cflbjf;L, hghflt, dlxnf, blnt, d'l:nd nufot wfld{s
cNk;+Vos tyf ljleGg hg;d'bfosf] cfGbf]ngn]] :yflkt u/]sf pknlAwx?nfO{ ;+:yfut
ug]{ P]ltxfl;s If0fdf 5 . of] laGb';Dd cfOk'Ubf xfdLn] s}of}+ cK7\Øf/fx? kf/
u/]sf 5f}+ . /fhgLlts bnx? Ps x'Fbf hgtfsf] laho ePsf] 5 eg] ljeflht x'Fbf
/fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s kl/jt{g / ljsf;sf] ult ;':t x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;}n]
hgtfsf] alnbfgLk"0f{ ;+3if{af6 k|fKt pknlAwx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ ;xdtLo
/fhgLlt afx]s csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . of] If0fdf d ;+3Lotf, wd{ lg/k]Iftf /
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ug]{ dxfg ;+3if{df hLjg cfx'tL ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ 1ft
c1ft zxLbx?k|lt xflb{s >4fGhnL JoQm ub{5' . a]kQf of]4f tyf 3fOt]x?k|lt
;Ddfg JoQm ub{5' .
·
efjL ;+ljwfgsf
cGtj{:t'af/] cfd ;xdlt gh'6]kl5 ;+ljwfg gaGb} ;+ljwfg ;ef–Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]
@)^( h]i7 !$ ut] sfo{sfn ;dfKt x'g k'Uof] . To;n] ubf{ cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷&)
sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd Pj+ cfo / Joosf] ljj/0f ;Ddflgt Joj:yflksf
;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{af6 al~rt x'g] cj:yf l;h{gf eof] . Joj:yflksf ;+;b x'Fbf ;d]t
cWofb]zaf6 ah]6 NofOPsf] ghL/ gePsf] xf]Og . clxn] t emg cWofb]zaf6 k"0f{
ah]6 Nofpg'sf] ljsNk lyPg . t/ lgjf{rg 3f]if0ff eO;s]sf] / ;+;b gePsf] cj:yfdf
ah]6s} sf/0f /fhgLlts åGånfO{ a9fpg] kIfdf ;/sf/ 5}g . ;/sf/ ah]6nfO{ /fhgLlts
;+jfb / ;xdltsf] nflu k|:yfg laGb' agfpg rfxG5 . o;nfO{ ;/sf/sf] sdhf]/L eGbf
klg ;bf;otf / b]zk|ltsf] pQ/bfloTjsf] ?kdf a'lemlbg d ;a} kIf;Fu cg'/f]w ub{5'
/ oxL laGb'df 6]s]/ cfd /fhgLlts ;xdltsf nflu lqmofzLn x'g ;a}df cg'/f]w ub{5'
. of] ljz]if kl/l:yltdf
·
dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
l;kmfl/zdf ;DdfggLo /fi6«kltHo"af6 g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f
** adf]lhd æ;]jf / sfo{x?sf] nflu ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 /sd lemSg] / vr{ ug]{
clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ cWofb]z, @)^(Æ hf/L ePsf] 5 . ;f] cWofb]zn] u/]sf d'Vo
d'Vo Joj:yfx? ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/Lsf nflu k|:t't ub}{5' .
·
/fhgLlts ;xdlt
h'6]sf] eP k"0f{ ah]6df ;/sf/n] juL{o, hftLo, n}lËs, If]qLo nufotsf
cfwf/df ;dGoflos 9+un] ljz]if sfo{qmdx? NofpFb} lyof] . o; cGtu{t blnt
5fq5fqfx?sf] nflu pRr lzIff;Dd lgMz'Ns / ljz]if eQfsf] Joj:yf, cflbjf;L, hghflt
tyf dw]zLsf] ;f+:s[lts / eflifs pTyfgsf] nflu j]Un} ax';f+:s[lts k|lti7fg, 5f]/LnfO{
c+zsf] k|Tofe"lt, 5fqfx?nfO{ cWoogsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg eQf, hgtf k]G;g
sfo{qmd / ;a} g]kfnLsf] :jf:Yo aLdf, s0ff{nL nufot pk]lIft / åGå k|efljt ju{sf]
nflu 7f]; sfo{qmdx?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . a]/f]huf/nfO{ jif{df slDtdf ;o
lbgsf] /f]huf/L ;'lglZrttfsf] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg nfluPsf] lyof] . pBf]uL
Joj;foLx?nfO{ nufgLsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ /fxt / pTk|]/0ffsf] Kofs]h ah]6df
;dfj]z lyof] . t/ /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] vf]hLsf nflu ;/sf/n] Tofu ug'{ k/\of] / oL
nufotsf sfo{qmd Nofpg ;lsPg . /fhgLlts ;xdlt h'6]kl5 efjL k"0f{ ah]6df
o:tf sfo{qmd Nofpg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5' .
·
;/sf/L, lghL /
;xsf/L If]qsf] ;xsfo{af6 cy{tGqdf cfd'n kl/jt{g Nofpg ;lsG5 eGg] d]/f]
k"0f{ ljZjf; 5 . k"0f{ ah]6ljgf o;sf] k|i6 vfsf ;Dej lyPg . To;sf
nflu d}n] ;DdfggLo /fi6«kltHo", k"j{ k|wfgdGqLHo"x?, k"j{
cy{dGqLHo"x?, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?, pBf]uL Joj;foL / cfly{s If]q;Fu
;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;a} ;+u ;3g ;Dafb u/F] . cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu ;dod} k"0f{
ah]6 Nofpg] ;xdlt h'6fpg d cfb/0fLo g]tfx?sf] 3/b}nf] ;Dd k'Fu] . t/ ah]6nfO{
g} /fhgLlts åGåsf] k/LIff agfOPkl5 lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s
·
of] cWofb]z hf/L
ePsf] 5 . t/ km]l/ klg d'n'snfO{ k"0f{ ah]6 g} cfjZos lyof]] eGg]df d
plQs} b[9 5' .
·
log}
k[i7e"lddf s]xL jfWotf, s]xL ;Ldf, s]xL cj;/, s]xL r'gf}ltsf aLr w/ftnLo
oyfy{nfO{ 6]s]/ cfw'lgs / ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] ljZjfl;nf] cfwf/zLnf tof/ ug]{
c7f]6sf ;fy d}n] cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷&) sf] ah]6 tof/L ul//x]sf] lyPF . o;}
qmddf /fhgLlts bnx?aLr k"0f{ ah]6 Nofpg] ;xdlt aGg g;s]kl5 kl/l:yltn]
sf]N6] km]¥of] . cfly{s ljifox?df ;femf ;xdlt h'6fO{ /fhgLlts 36gfqmdaf6 ah]6
th'{df / sfof{Gjogsf] k|lqmof cj?4 gxf];\ egL pBf]uL, Joj;foL nufot ;dfhsf ;a}
If]qaf6 JoQm cfsf+Iff o;k6s klg k"/f x'g ;s]g . /fli6«o ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
ug]{ /fhgLlts bnx? g} x'g\ . bnx?s} ;xdltaf6 ;d:ofsf] bLuf] ;dfwfg ;Dej 5 eGg] d]/f]
c6n ljZjf; /x]sf] x'Fbf /fhgLlts bnx?af6 ePsf] ;xdlt cg';f/ g} d}n] k"0f{
ah]6sf] tof/LnfO{ yfFtL /fv]+ . ah]6 gcfpFbf cy{tGq 7Kk x'g] ePsfn] lgoldt
;/sf/L vr{sf nflu ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 /sd lemSg], s/ nufpg] / /fh:j ;+sng ug{]
sfg"gL Joj:yfsf nflu cWofb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{ jfWofTds cj:yf l;h{gf eof] .
of] Joj:yfn] tfTsflns ;d:of ;Daf]wg u/]tfklg cfly{s j[l4 / ljsf;sf] nflu
k"0f{ ah]6sf] ljsNk 5}g . To;}n] /fhgLlts bnx?aLr ;xdlt h'6fO{ oyfzL3|
k"0f{ ah]6sf] nflu cg's"n jftfj/0f agfpg d ;a}df xflb{s cfJxfg ub{5'
.
· cfb/0fLo cfdfa'af, lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efOx?,
·
ca d cfly{s jif{
@)^*÷^( sf] cy{tGqsf kl/;"rsx?sf] ;dLIff k]z ub{5' .
·
rfn' cfly{s jif{
@)^*÷^( sf] klxnf] * dlxgf;Ddsf] k|d'v cfly{s kl/;"rsx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
cfly{s ;j]{If0f / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] cfly{s jif{ @)^&÷^* sf] jflif{s
k|ult ;dLIff d}n] @)^( c;f/ #) ut] g} ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf] 5' .
·
rfn' cfly{s
jif{sf] klxnf] * dlxgfdf s"n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg j[l4b/ cfwf/e"t
d"Nodf $=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . ut cfly{s jif{ of] j[l4b/ #=* k|ltzt /x]sf]
lyof] . s"n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg j[l4b/dWo] s[lif If]qsf] j[l4b/ $=( k|ltzt /
u}/s[lif If]qsf] j[l4b/ $=# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] j[l4b/ tLg
jif{s} pRr xf] .
·
ljutsf jif{x?df
pRr c+sn] a9]sf] d'b|f:kmLlt b/ rfn' jif{df sdL cfO{ @)^( h]7df * k|ltztdf
/x]sf] 5 . ut jif{sf] o;} cjlwdf o:tf] j[l4b/ (=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . @)^*
r}q;Dd * k|ltzteGbf sd /x]sf] d'b|f:kmLlt b/ @)^( a}zfvb]lv aGb x8\tfn h:tf
sf/0fn] cfk"lt{ Joj:yfdf Jojwfg cfO{ a9\g uPsf] xf] .
·
rfn' cfly{s
jif{sf] klxnf] !! dlxgfdf lgof{t !^=# k|ltzt / cfoft !^=* k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5
. ;dLIff cjlwdf lgof{t–cfoft cg'kft !^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
·
d'n'ssf]
zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt xfn;Dds} pRr c+s sfod eO{ ?= ! va{ !# ca{ @) s/f]8n] artdf
/x]sf] 5 . ut cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf ?= @ ca{ (& s/f]8 art lyof] .
·
@)^( h]7
dlxgf;Dddf ?= $ va{ @& ca{ !) s/f]8 a/fa/sf] ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt /x]sf] 5
. of] ;l~rltn] !!=$ dlxgfsf] j:t' / !)=! dlxgfsf] j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfoft wfGg
;Sg]
·
b]lvG5 . ut
cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf o:tf] ;l~rlt ?= @ va{ &@ ca{ /x]sf] lyof] .
·
@)^( c;f/ @@
ut];Dd ut cfly{s jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwsf] t'ngfdf gubdf cfwfl/t s'n lgsf;f !#=*
k|ltzt / s"n vr{ !%=* k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)^*÷^( sf]
;+zf]lwt vr{ cg'dfg ?= # va{ ^% ca{ &@ s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
·
rfn'' cfly{s jif{
@)^*÷^( df ut cfly{s jif{sf] t'ngfdf /fh:j em08} @! k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g] b]lvPsf]
5 . cfoftdf ePsf] j[l4 / ;]jf If]qsf] j[l4n] /fh:jdf pNn]Vo j[l4 x'g uPsf] xf]
. @)^( c;f/ @@ ut];Dd ?= $@ ca{ @ s/f]8 gub cg'bfg / ?= $ ca{ *# s/f]8 gub C0f
k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ah]6 3f6f k"lt{sf] nflu p7fpg] nIo /flvPsf] cfGtl/s C0f
(& k|ltzteGbf a9L p7fO{;lsPsf] 5 .
·
/fh:jsf] pRr
j[l4b/ / ;/sf/L vr{df ckgfOPsf] ldtJolotfsf] gLltn] ;+qmd0fsfndf ;d]t ljQLo
;Gt'ng sfod /fVg ;lsPsf] 5 .
·
afl0fHo a}+sx?df
t/ntfsf] l:ylt /fd|f] /xFbf /xFb} klg o;nfO{ pBf]u tyf pTkfbgzLn If]qdf k|jflxt
ug{ g;lsg', lgdf{0f If]q sdhf]/ x'g', k"FhLahf/df s]xL ;'wf/ ePklg 3/hUuf
Joj;fo sdhf]/ /xg' h:tf sf/0fn] cy{tGqdf ck]lIft ultzLntf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
tyflk rfn' cfly{s jif{df jfXo If]q ;an /xg', cfly{s j[l4b/ nIosf] xf/fxf/Ldf
k'Ug' tyf ljQLo ;Gt'ng sfod x'g' h:tf ;sf/fTds k|j[lQ b]lvPsf 5g\ .
·
cfb/0fLo
cfdfa'af, lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efOx?,
·
ca d}n]
cy{dGqLsf] sfo{ef/ ;Dxfn]kl5 xfl;n u/]sf s]xL dxTjk"0f{ ljifox?nfO{ Psk6s
:d/0f ug{ rfxG5' .
·
o; cjlwdf ;dli6ut
cfly{s kl/;"rsx? ;sf/fTds /x]sf 5g\ . ljutsf] t'ngfdf cfly{s j[l4b/ a9]sf]
5, d'b|f:kmLlt b/ 36]sf] 5, cfoft lgof{t a9]sf] 5, /]ld6]G; k|flKt a9]sf] 5,
g]K;] ;"rsf+s ;'wf/f]Gd'v 5, ljb]zL d'b|fsf] ;l~rlt a9]sf] 5 / ;f]wgfGt/ l:ylt
cTolws ?kdf wgfTds x'g k'u]sf] 5 . o;/L ;dli6ut cfly{s kl/;"rsx? ;sf/fTds
/x]sf]] k|lt ;Gtf]if JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .
·
ut jif{ /fh:j
c;'nL j[l4b/ sl/a !@ k|ltzt /x]sf]df o; jif{ em08} @! k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g] cg'dfg
5 .
·
;/sf/L vr{df
ldtJolotf xfl;n ug{ !)@ a'Fb] lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 .
·
/fli6«o afl0fHo
a}+sdf ?=$ ca{ #@ s/f]8 %# nfv !) xhf/ / g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8df ?= ! ca{ #( s/f]8
@$ nfv $% xhf/sf] z]o/ nufgL u/L k"FhL j[l4 ul/Psf] 5 . afl0fHo a}+sx?df
t/ntfsf] cefj x6]sf] 5 . b'O{ jif{ cufl8 cToGt ;+s'rgdf /x]sf] t/ntfsf] l:yltdf
Jofks ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 . lgIf]kstf{x?sf] ?= @ nfv;Ddsf] lgIf]k ;'/If0f ug]{
sfo{qmd cg'?k !(# j6f a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ?= ! va{ ($ ca{ a/fa/sf] lgIf]k
;'/If0f ul/Psf] 5 .
·
afl0fHo a}+sx?n]
s[lif / phf{ If]qdf s"n shf{ nufgLsf] Go"gtd !) k|ltzt shf{ k|jfx
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 .
·
j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf]
k|ltj4tf ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf j[l4 eO{ rfn' cf=j= df sl/a ? ! va{ * ca{ a/fa/
k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
·
blIf0f sf]l/ofsf]
a';fgdf cfof]lht rf}+yf] pRr:t/Lo j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4 ;DaGwL
cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngdf xfd|f] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf /Xof]] .
·
nufgLd}qL
jftfj/0fsf] nflu ef/t;Fu låkIfLo nufgL k|j4{g tyf ;+/If0f ;Demf}tf ul/of] .
ef/t;Fu} bf]xf]/f] s/ d'lQm tyf s/ 5nL
·
lj?4sf ;Demf}tf
kl/dfh{g ul/of] . o;af6 g]kfndf nufgLsf] nflu ;xh jftfj/0f tof/ x'b}+ uPsf] 5 .
·
rLg ;/sf/;Fu
tftf]kfgLdf ;'Vvf aGb/ufx lgdf{0f ug]{ ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eO{ sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf
/x]sf] 5 . /;'jfu9L–s]?Ëdf k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
·
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf]
of]hgf th'{df, cg'udg, d"Nof+sg Pj+ ;~rfngsf nflu dfu{lgb]{z ug{ / tL
;+:yfgsf af]8{sf cWoIf Pj+ sfo{sf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm k|lqmofnfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg lgb]{zg af]8{ u7g ul/Psf] 5 .
·
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f
tyf cft+sjfbdf x'g] ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f ug{ kfFr jif]{ /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf
;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf u/]sf k|ltj4tf cg'?k ;DklQ
z'4Ls/0f lgoGq0fsf nflu kf/:kl/s sfg"gL ;xof]u / ;'k"b{uL sfg"g
;DaGwL cWofb]z hf/L ePsf 5g\ .
·
7"nf
nufgLsf] k|j4{g / ljsf; ug{ 5'§} nufgL af]8{ u7g eO o;} jif{b]lv cfˆgf] sfd
k|f/De ul/;s]sf] 5 . d'n'sdf nufgL cfslif{t ug{ ;g\ @)!@÷!# nfO{ nufgL jif{sf]
?kdf dgfpg] 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5 .
·
ut df3 dlxgfdf
cfly{s jif{ @)^*÷^( sf] ah]6sf] dWofjlw d"Nof+sg u/]kl5 ah]6 sfof{Gjogsf]
r/0fdf ef]Ug' k/]sf ;d:of tTsfn ;Djf]wg ug{ cfjZos b]lvof] . ;fy}, ;/sf/sf
k|fyldstfsf sfo{qmdx? :jLs[t ah]6sf] kl/lwleq} sfof{Gjog ug]{ r'gf}lt klg lyof]
. gofF ;/sf/ u7g ePkl5 hgtfsf a9]sf ck]Iffx?nfO{ k"/f ug{ ;/sf/n] tTsfn
s]xL gofF sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjog z'? ug{ h?/L lyof] . log} ljifox?nfO{ ;dfj]z
u/L yk ;'wf/;lxt ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{GjognfO{ tLj|tf lbg
æcfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] tTsfnLg sfo{of]hgfÆ sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 .
·
jt{dfg ;/sf/n]
zflGt, ;+ljwfg, ;'zf;g / cfly{s ;d[l4nfO{ cfˆgf] p2]Zo agfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . o; cleofgdf nufgL k|j4{g, bLuf] tyf km/flsnf] cfwf/ ;lxtsf] cfly{s
j[l4, /f]huf/L j[l4 / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff Pj+ ;dfj]zL ljsf;df ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] zlQm
s]lGb|t u/]sf] 5 .
·
o'jf zlQmnfO{
:j/f]huf/sf] cj;/ pknAw u/fpg o'jf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ /fli6«o cleofgsf] ?kdf
lj:tf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
·
;/sf/n] zflGt
k|lqmof / ljsf; lgdf{0fnfO{ ;dfg k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] 5 . :j]lR5s cjsfz /f]h]sf
dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x?n] kfpg] /sd, hgo'4, hgcfGbf]ng, dw]z cfGbf]ngsf zxLb,
d[ts tyf j]kQf gful/ssf kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt :j?k yk ?= @ nfv pknAw u/fpg cfjZos
/sd, sf7df08f}df ;8s lj:tf/, /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] klxrfg / ;~rfng tyf
/]Nj] kl/of]hgfsf nflu k/]sf] yk Jooef/sf] ljlgof]lht /sdaf6} vr{ Joj:yfkg
ul/Psf] 5 .
·
cfd s/bftfnfO{ s/
;DaGwL ;]jf 3/b}nf]df k'¥ofpg] of]hgf cg';f/ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq !# j6f s/bftf
;]jf sfof{no / pkTosf aflx/ yk s/bftf ;]jf sfof{no :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfngdf cfPsf
5g\ . o;n] s/bftfnfO{ s/ ;DaGwL hfgsf/L lng, s/ ltg{ / s/sf] bfo/f lj:tf/ ug{
;xh ePsf] 5 .
·
gSsnL tyf em'§f
d"No clej[l4 s/ lahs k|of]u ;DaGwL z+sf:kb %!* s/bftfsf] cg';Gwfg ;DkÌ
ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 ?=^ ca{ eGbf a9Lsf] s/ lgwf{/0f ePsf] 5 .
·
eG;f/
sfof{nox?sf] cg'udg k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ ljB'tLo cg'udg ug]{ / lj:t[t
;"rgf ;~hfnaf6 hfFrkf;sf] cg'udg ug]{ sfo{sf] yfngL ul/Psf] 5 .
· cfb/0fLo cfdfa'af, lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efOx?,
·
cfufdL cf=j=
@)^(÷&) sf] k"0f{ ah]6 tof/ ul//x+bf d}n] ;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t
bf]xf]/f] c+ssf] cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n ub}{ d'n'ssf] ;d[l4nfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df /fvL
lgDg ;f]rx?nfO{ cfwf/ agfPsf] lyPF .
·
;fdflhs Gofosf]
l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t ;dfj]zL, pRr cfly{s j[l4, /f]huf/L l;h{gf, ;dGoflos ljt/0f,
hg'd'vL Pj+ cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/zLnf v8f ug]{ .
·
cy{tGqdf lghL
If]qsf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ cy{tGqsf]
cfwf/:tDesf] ?kdf lg/Gt/tf lbg] .
·
cy{tGqsf]
;+/rgfTds kl/jt{gnfO{ ult lbg s[lifsf] Jofj;flos ?kfGt/0f, hn, hldg / h+unsf]
pkof]u, b]zsf] ;|f]t ;fwg tyf sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/t cf}Bf]lusLs/0f, ko{6g
If]qsf] gofF cfofd, ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u / cg';Gwfg Pj+ ljsf;nfO{
pRr k|fyldstf lbg] .
·
lghL If]qsf]
nufgL j[l4sf nflu sfg"gL, gLltut, k|lqmofut k"jf{wf/hGo, k|zf;lgs,
>d ;DaGw / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL cj/f]wx? x6fO{ nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ tyf
t'ngfTds nfesf If]qdf /fli6«o lxt cg'?k a}b]lzs nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] .
·
cfly{s ;d[l4sf]
nflu /fli6«o uf}/j nufotsf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf cfof]hgfx?
;fj{hlgs–lghL–;fem]bf/L cjwf/0ff cg'?k ;~rfng ug]{ .
·
phf{ ;+s6 ;dfwfg
ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu lgdf{0fflwg 7"nf hnljB't tyf cGo a}slNks phf{ cfof]hgfx?
b|'t ultdf ;DkGg ug]{ / gofF cfof]hgfx? yfngL ug]{ .
·
:jfwLg cy{tGq
lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ ;'b[9 ug{ cfGtl/s ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd kl/rfngsf nflu
k|ultzLn s/sf] b/ lgwf{/0f, bfo/f lj:tf/, s/ ;DaGwL sfg'gsf] kl/kfngf, /fh:j
r'xfj6
·
lgoGq0fsf] k|efjsf/L
;+oGq lgdf{0f / k|zf;lgs Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .
·
l5d]sL ldq/fi6«x?
rLg tyf ef/tsf] pRr cfly{s j[l4af6 nfe lng cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0fdf
nufgL k|a4{g ub}{ b'j} l5d]sL ;Fu tfbfDotf /fvL cufl8 a9\g] .
·
b]zdf a9\bf]
j]/f]huf/Lsf sf/0f o'jf hgzlQm ljb]lzg' jfWo eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf :jb]zd} /f]huf/L
/ :j/f]huf/Lsf] k|Tofe"t ug]{ . To;}u/L, ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfo{df :jo+;]jf
cleofgdf O{R5's k"j{ /fi6«;]js, ;+3÷;+:yf, ljleGg ju{ / tKsfsf ;+3
;+u7gx?nfO{ ;lqmo u/fpg] .
·
pRr cfly{s a[l4b/
xfl;n ub}{ ;d[l4sf] cfwf/ tof/ ug{ ;femf cfly{s sfo{qmd lgdf{0fdf kxn ug]{ .
·
cfb/0fLo
lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efOx?,
·
d}n] cfufdL cf=j=
@)^(÷&) sf] k"0f{ ah]6 th'{dfsf] qmddf kl/sNkgf u/]sf sfo{qmdx? dWo]
d'Vo d'Vo sfo{qmdx?sf] ;+lIfKt emns k|:t't ug{ rfxG5' .
·
;+3Lo nf]stflGqs
u0ftGq g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu cfjZos
;Dk"0f{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
·
ljs/fn x'Fb}
uPsf] Jofkf/ 3f6fnfO{ sd ub}{ n}hfg tyf s]xL s[lifhGo a:t'x?df cfTd lge{/ x'g
nufgL k|f]T;fxg ug]{ . cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{ vf]lnPsf cfˆg} sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/t
pBf]u wGbfsf] ;+jw{g tyf k|j4{g ug]{ .
·
cNkljsl;t kxf8L
tyf lxdfnL /fi6«x?sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;sf lgldQ
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ /fli6«o lxt cg's'n cl3 a9fpg pknAw
;fwg / ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng ug]{ .
·
zflGt k|lqmof,
;]gf ;dfof]hg, ef}lts ;+/rgfx?sf] k'glg{df{0f, cfly{s ;xfotf tyf /fxt ljt/0fsf
afFsL sfo{x? ;DkGg ug]{ .
·
dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{
-k'iknfn nf]sdfu{_ sf7df8f}+—t/fO{ dw]z kmf:6 6«ofs, x'nfsL /fhdfu{,
If]qLo:t/sf kf]v/f / n'lDagL ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f, a'9L u08sL, dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL
hnljB't cfof]hgf, d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf, l;S6f, /fgLhd/f / aaO{ l;+rfO{
cfof]hgf, sf]zL, u08sL / s0ff{nL pQ/–blIf0f nf]sdfu{ nufotsf /fli6«o uf}/jsf
cfof]hgfx? k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;~rfng ug]{ .
·
lghL If]qnfO{
cfly{s ;d[l4sf] ;Djfxssf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df
;fj{hlgs–lghL–;fem]bf/Lsf] gLlt cjnDag ug]{, nufgL ;DaGwL PsLs[t P]g th'{df
ug]{, cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg], lgof{thGo pBf]ux?nfO{ ;x'lnot pknAw
u/fpg], k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] :yfkgf ug]{ / Ps ca{eGbf a9L nufgL ug]{
pBdLnfO{ k|wfgdGqL pBdL ;Ddfg k|bfg ug]{ .
·
gofF cf}Bf]lus
Joj;fo P]g th'{df ug]{, k|df0fLs/0f af]8{ u7g cfb]z hf/L ug]{, krxQ/} lhNnfdf
cf}Bf]lusLs/0fsf] k|of; ug]{, /f]huf/L k|a4{g ug]{ / ;|f]t k|f]kmfOn tof/ ug]{,
pTs[i6 dlxnf pBdLnfO{ k'/is[t ug]{ / ?U0f pBf]ux?nfO{ /fxt lbg] .
·
s[lifnfO{
Jofj;foLs/0f, cfw'lgsLs/0f / ljljwLs/0f ug{ s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlt th'{df ug]{,
bzjif]{ vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff of]hgf th'{df ug]{, ;fj{hlgs uf]bfd ;DaGwL
sfg"g th'{df ug]{, k|fËfl/s / /;folgs dn, pGgt aLpm / k|ljlwdf lbOg]
cg'bfgdf j[l4 ug]{, h}ljs÷sDkf]i6 dn sf/vfgf :yfkgf ug]{, wfg, ds}, uf]ne]+8f /
j]df};dL t/sf/Lsf] aLpmdf cg'bfg lbg], ;L8 lehg @)@% tof/ ug]{, a[xt\ ds}
pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{, aLpm k|zf]wg, u|]l8Ë, Kofs]lhË / e08f/0fsf nflu
pks/0fdf cg'bfg lbg], e]lG6n]6]8 zLt3/ lgdf{0f ug]{, ;'Gtnf, :ofp, cgf/, sfutL
/
·
s]/fsf] pTkfbgdf
cfTdlge{/ x'g], cn}+rLdf nfu]sf] /f]usf] pkrf/ / jufg k|lt:yfkg ug{ s[ifsnfO{
;xof]u ug]{, cuf{lgs skmL, cyf]{8S; lrof, Rofp, dx, cb'jf nufotsf pRr
d"Nosf s[lif pkhx?sf] lgof{tdf j[l4 ug]{], df5f df;'df cfTdlge{/ x'g],
8]/L kmd{sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{, lrlnË Eof6, ldNs PgfnfOh/, kfj/ l6n/ ljt/0f ug]{,
Ps ufpF Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmdnfO{ @@ lhNnfdf lj:tf/ ug]{, pBdL ;d'bfoaf6 k|:tfljt
Ps lhNnf Ps pTkfbgnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{, ;fgf l;+rfO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{, ;'ne
b/df s[lif C0f pknAw u/fpg], s[lif ljsf; sf]if :yfkgf ug]{, k|To]s ufpF ljsf;
;ldltdf s[lif :jo+;]js k|fljlws /fVg], /fi6«klt pTs[i6 s[ifs k'/:sf/ :yfkgf
ug]{ / ;a} gu/kflnsfx?df Nof08lkmn ;fO6 / cfw'lgs jwzfnf :yfkgf ug]{ .
·
;xsf/LnfO{
cleofgsf ?kdf ;~rfng ug]{, s[lif ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ k"FhLut cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg],
;xsf/L dfkm{t kz'kfng ug]{ s[ifsnfO{ C0fsf] Aofhdf cg'bfg lbg], kfFr} ljsf;
If]qdf ax'p2]ZoLo zLt e08f/sf] ;DefJotf cWoog ug]{, s[lif pkh, jg:klt / pRr
d"Nosf h8La'6Lx?sf] pTkfbg / k|zf]wg ug]{ sf/vfgf vf]Ng cg'bfg lbg] .
·
e"—pkof]u
gLlt cg';f/sf] sfg"g th'[{df ug]{, j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ nfu' ug]{,
e"–pkof]u gSzf tof/ ug]{ / d'Qm sd}of tyf xlnofx?sf] k'gM:yf{kgf tyf ;Lk
ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
·
dxfsfnL l;+rfO{,
s0ff{nL c~rn l;+rfO{ ljsf; cfof]hgf, demf}nf l;+rfO{, ;'g;/L–df]/Ë / jfudtL
l;+rfO{ cfof]hgfx?nfO{ k"0f{ Ifdtfdf ;~rfng ug]{ / e"ldut :ofnf] tyf
8Lk 6\o"aj]n / gbL lgoGq0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
·
rd]lnof, lqz'nL
t];|f] P, /fx'3f6 / s'n]vfgL t];|f] hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{, b'wsf]zL
/ df8L hnljB't cfof]hgfsf]
·
lj:t[t l8hfOg
ug]{, cfFwLvf]nf, gnl;+ uf8 / tdf]/ nufotsf hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog
ug]{ .
·
a'9L u08sL /
klZrd ;]tL hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3 a9fpg] .
·
b'xaLsf]
dN6Lˆo"n / x]6f}+8fsf] l8h]n KnfG6 lghL If]qaf6 ;+rfng ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg]
/ g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf] ;+/rgfTds ;'wf/ ug]{ .
·
sf7df8f}+sf] ;8s
rf}8f tyf ;'wf/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ tLj|tf lbg], sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf d]6«f] / df]gf]
/]n ;~rfng ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ pTk|]l/t ug]{, ;jf/L ;fwgdf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6
/fVg] / ;jf/L btf{nfO{ sDKo"6/fOH8 ug]{ . afFsL /x]sf lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx?nfO{
;8sn] hf]8\g], 6«ofs vf]Ng afFsL /0fgLlts dxTjsf nf]sdfu{sf 6«ofs vf]Ng],
lxdfnL nf]sdfu{sf] lgdf{0f z'? ug]{, ;8s k'n emf]n'Ë] k'n lgdf{0f jif{ 3f]if0ff
ug]{ .
·
g]kfnnfO{ cfsif{s
/ ;'/lIft ko{6g uGtJo:ynsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{, s0ff{nL / l;:g]–hnhnf–9f]/kf6g,
n'lDagL e|d0f jif{nfO{ ;kmn t'Nofpg], ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f, :t/f]Gglt / dd{t ;Def/
ug]{, b'O{j6f 7"nf hxfh vl/b ug]{, lxdfnL ;fxl;s v]n jif{ 3f]if0ff ug]{,
/f/f vKt8 / 9f]/kf6gdf tf/] xf]6n, :ju{åf/L, kfyLe/f / uf];fO{+s'08df s]a'nsf/
;~rfng ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{, alnbfgL If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug]{ / nlntk'/sf] KofË ufpFdf ;f+:s[lts ko{6g k|j4{g cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ .
·
PG6L 8lDkË
sfg"g th'{df ug]{, g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs[t /0fgLlt, @)!) n] klxrfg u/]sf j:t'
ljz]ifdf s]Gb|Lt sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{, lrof / skmLsf] ;fd"lxs Jofkf/lrGx
btf{ ug]{, un}+rf / klZdgfsf] k|j4{gsf nflu pRr lxdfnL If]qdf e]8f Rof+u|f
kmd{nfO{ ;'ljwf lbg], cn}+rLsf] Jofkf/ k|j4{g ug]{, lgsf;Ldf lbOg] ;'ljwfnfO{
;/nLs/0f ug]{, /;'jfu9L tyf rfFbgL bf]wf/f If]qdf
·
;'Vvf aGb/ufx
lgdf{0f ug{ ;DefJotf cWoog ug]{, ;'v]{tdf h8La'6L ;+sng / k|zf]wg s]Gb| tyf
g]kfnu~hdf h8La'6L vl/b laqmL s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{, cb'jf k|zf]wg pBf]u :yfkgf
ug]{ .
·
/f]huf/
k|Tofe"lt P]gsf] th'{df u/L j]/f]huf/nfO{ slDtdf !)) lbgsf] /f]huf/L
k|Tofe"t ug]{ Pj+ /f]huf/L pknAw x'g g;s] slDtdf %) lbgsf] Ifltk"lt{
:j?k j]/f]huf/L eQf lbg], ;Lk ljsf; pBdzLntf / :j/f]huf/d"ns tflnd ;~rfng
ug]{, o'jf tyf ;fgf pBdL Joj;foL sf]ifaf6 krxQ/} lhNnfdf k|ltJolQm b'O{ nfvsf
b/n] ;x'lnot Aofhb/df C0f k|bfg u/L cleofgsf ?kdf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug]{, afn>d lgjf/0f u'?of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{, /f]huf/ ljlgdo s]Gb|sf]
:yfkgf ug]{, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]if ;DaGwL sfg"g th'{df ug]{ / j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Laf6 kmls{PsfnfO{ ;Lk / cg'ejdf cfwfl/t sfd ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
·
:j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd
dfkm{t cfGtl/s /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{, o'jfo'jtLx?nfO{ Joj;fo cled'vLs/0f tflnd
lbg] / k/Dk/fut ;LknfO{ cfw'lgs Joj;fosf] ?kdf ljsl;t ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
·
;fdflhs ;'/Iff
eQf ljt/0fnfO{ ;/nLs/0f ug]{, b'u{d lhNnfx?df 3'DtL :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;~rfng ug]{,
;'gf}nf xhf/ lbg sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{, afnaflnsf Pj+ 5fq5fqfx?nfO{ lbOFb}
cfPsf] 5fqj[lQnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg], u/La 3/ kl/jf/sf] klxrfg u/L kl/rokq
ljt/0fsf] ;fy} ;'ky d"Nodf pkef]Uo j:t'x? pknAw u/fpg] tyf cgf}krfl/s
If]qdf sfd ug]{ sfdbf/x? ;fgf Joj;foLx? / e"ldxLg ls;fgx?sf] j[4 cj:yfsf]
;'/Iffsf nflu=hgtf k]G;g sf]if :yfkgf ug]{ .
·
;+3Lotfsf b[li6n]
;Defljt If]qx?sf] u'?of]hgf agfO{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] k|f?k tof/ ug]{, Ps
zx/ Ps klxrfg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{, Ps ufpF Ps kf]v/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ /
:yfgLo lgsfosf] cg'bfgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] .
·
n}lËs pQ/bfoL
ah]6nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg], dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmd, n}lËs lx+;f Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{, afnclwsf/df hf]8 lbg] / n}lËs tyf 3/]n' lx+;f kLl8tsf nflu Ps4f/
;+s6 Joj:yfkg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ .
·
cfwf/e"t
lzIffnfO{ clgjfo{, dfWolds lzIffnfO{ lgMz'Ns, pRr lzIffnfO{ nfut ;xeflutfdf
;~rfng ug]{, ;fIf/ g]kfn cleofg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{, ljBfnox?sf] ef}lts
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug]{, lgMz'Ns kf7\ok'':ts, 5fqj[lQ / lbjf vfhf ljt/0f
ug]{ / a}t8L, /f]Nkf, afun'Ë, /f}tx6, uf]/vf Pj+ ef]hk'/df cfufdL jif{ z'? x'g]
Ps lhNnf Ps kf]ln6]lSgs OlG:6Ro"6 :yfkgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ug]{, dfWolds
txsf] kf7\oqmddf Jofj;flos lzIff ;dfj]z ug]{, lxdfnL If]qsf ;fd'bflos
ljBfnonfO{ cfjf;Lo ljBfnodf ?kfGtl/t ub}{ hfg], sf7df8f}+df u/La h]x]Gbf/
ljBfyL{sf nflu 5fqfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug]{, k|To]s ljsf; If]qdf ljZjljBfno vf]Ng] /
;f] If]qsf SofDk;nfO{ ;f] ljZjljBfnodf cfj4 ug]{ .
·
cfwf/e"t
:jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ lgMz'Ns agfpg], afnaflnsfnfO{ lgMz'Ns vf]k pknAw u/fpg],
kf]if0f k'gM:yfkgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug]{, cfdf ;'/Iff sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{, ;a}
gful/ssf] d'6', d[uf}nf, SofG;/ h:tf k|d'v aL; j6f /f]usf] :jf:Yo aLdf sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{, krf; jif{dflysf u/La tyf c;xfo JolQmx?nfO{ lgMz'Ns df]ltljGb'
ck|]zg ug]{ tyf rZdf ljt/0f ug]{ / sIff kfFr;Ddsf afnaflnsfnfO{ clgjfo{ cfFvf
hfFr sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ . If]qLo / c~rn c:ktfnx?nfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L sf7df8f}+
pkTosf aflx/ klg ;'k/ :k]znfOH8 ;]jf z'? ug]{ .
·
/fd]5fk, kfFry/ /
sfe|]knf~rf]s h:tf ;'Vvfu|:t If]qdf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{, vfg]kfgL /
;/;kmfOdf ;xnufgL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{, cf;]{lgs Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug]{, sf7df8f}+ jl/kl/sf kfgLsf d'xfg ;+/If0f u/L vfg]kfgLsf] j}slNks Joj:yf
·
ug]{, jfudtL
gbLnfO{ :jR5 /fVg gbL lsgf/df 9n lj5\ofpg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ / e"ldut
hn;|f]tsf] k|j4{g ug{] .
·
nf]kf]Gd'v hfltx?
/fp6], s';'08f, jgsl/of, d';x/ / rdf/ nufotsf clt ljkGg kl/jf/nfO{ cfjf;sf]
Joj:yf ug{ hgtf cfjf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{, hf]lvddf /x]sf j:tLx?sf] :yfgfGt/0f,
gd"gf PsLs[t j:tL ljsf; sfo{qmd, ;'s'Daf;L Joj:yfkg, k|fs[lts k|sf]k
k'g:yf{kgf tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd / zx/L k"jf{wf/ ljsf; cfof]hgf
;~rfng ug]{ .
·
jftfj/0fLo
k|b'if0f lgoGq0f dfkb08 lgwf{/0f, h}ljs UofF; pTkfbg, ;'wfl/Psf] kfgL3§, kmnfd]
r'nf], ;f}o{ kDk tyf ;f}o{ 6'sL k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ / sfa{g Jofkf/
;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
·
jgljsf; /0fgLlt
th'{df ug]{, jghËnsf] lhNnfut k|f]kmfOn tof/ ug]{, /fi6«klt r'/] ;+/If0f
sfo{qmd lj:tf/ ug]{, jgIf]qsf] cltqmd0f /f]Sg], j[If/f]k0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{,
jg;Dkbfdf cfwfl/t pBdzLn sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{, /fli6«o lgs'~hleqsf]
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, ;fd'bflos lrl8ofvfgf lgdf{0f, h8La'6L ks]6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug]{ / e" tyf hnfwf/ If]q ;+/If0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
·
:yfgLo o'jf
;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{, cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] /Ëzfnf, ax'p2]ZoLo se8{xn /
v]n Ps]8]dLx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ / cf]nlDks v]ndf :j0f{kbs lah]tfnfO{ cfsif{s
k'/:sf/ lbg] .
·
;fOj/ ;DaGwL
sfg"gsf] th'{df ug]{, d'b|0f ;DaGwL gLltsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{, ;f;]s
;"rgf /fhdfu{sf] lgdf{0f ug]{, ;"rgf k|ljlw u'?of]hgf th'{df ug]{ /
k|ltefjfg j}1flgssf] cfljisf/nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] .
·
vfBfGgsf] lhNnfut
k|f]kmfOn tof/ ug]{, b'u{d tyf ljs6 If]qdf vfBfGg cfbfgk|bfg sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug]{, ;fs{ vfB ;'/Iff
·
e08f/ / /fli6«o
vfBfGg ;'/Iff e08f/sf] Ifdtf j[l4 ug]{, ljBfyL{ / dhb"/nfO{ Uof; Pj+
s[ifsnfO{ l8h]n ;x'lnot b/df pknAw u/fpg ;x'lnot sf8{ ljt/0f ug]{ .
·
ljQLo ;+:yf ljsf;
/0fgLlt tof/ ug]{, afl0fHo a}+saf6 s[lif If]qdf lglZrt k|ltzt shf{ k|bfg ug]{,
u|fdL0f If]qdf afl0fHo a}+sx?sf] zfvf lj:tf/ ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ug]{, cfsl:ds
aLdfsf]ifnfO{ k'gaL{df sDkgLdf kl/0ft ug]{, g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] sfo{If]qdf
gkg]{ ljQLo If]q, n3'ljQ / ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] cg'udgsf] ;+:yfut Joj:yf ldnfpg] /
qm]l86 /]l6Ë Ph]G;Lsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
·
k"FhLahf/df
nufgL ug{ ;fd"lxs nufgL sf]ifnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{, s]Gb|Lo lgIf]k k|0ffnL
;~rfng ug]{, z]o/ sf/f]jf/nfO{ c6f]d]zgdf n}hfg], j:t'ahf/ sf/f]jf/ ;DaGwL
sfg"gL Joj:yf ug]{, ljQLo ;+:yfx?df ;+:yfut ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug]{ / ;DklQ
Joj:yfkg sDkgL :yfkgf ug]{ .
·
aL; jif]{
bL3{sfnLg ljsf; /0fgLlt th'{df ug]{, dWodsfnLg ah]6 ;+/rgfsf] tof/L ug]{,
;/sf/L ;DklQsf] nut tof/ ug]{, of]ubfgd"ns lgj[lQe/0f sf]ifsf] Joj:yf
nfu" ug]{, O{–ueg{d]G6 k|f]So'/d]G6 k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{, ah]6 lgdf{0f
;DaGwL 5'§} sfg"g th'{df ug]{, Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL lj:tf/ ug]{, u|fdL0f
ljQ If]q Sni6/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ / ljB'tLo cg'udg k|0ffnL ljsf; ug]{ .
·
j}b]lzs
;xfotfnfO{ /fli6«o ah]6 k|0ffnLdf NofO{ /fli6«o k|fyldstfk|fKt 7"nf
cfof]hgfx?df kl/rfng ug]{{ .
·
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgdf
;+:yfut ;'zf;g sfod u/L Jofj;flostf clej[l4 ug]{ .
·
;fj{hlgs ;]jfnfO{
:jR5, kf/bzL{ / hjfkmb]xLk"0f{ agfpg], PsLs[t ;]jfs]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{,
e|i6frf/ lj?4 z"Go ;xgzLntfsf] gLlt ckgfpg], afof]d]l6«s :df6{sf8{ ;lxtsf]
kl/rokq ljt/0f ug]{ / u[x k|zf;g ;'b[9Ls/0f of]hgfnfO{ qmdzM sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
· cfb/0fLo cfdfa'af, lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efOx?,
·
;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t
tLj| cfly{s j[l4, /f]huf/L l;h{gf, nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f lgdf{0f, k"jf{wf/
ljsf; / cfw'lgs Pj+ ;d[4 gofF g]kfn lgdf{0fsf nflu k"0f{ cfsf/sf] ah]6
Nofpg h?/L lyof] . t/ /fhgLlts ;xdlt h'6\g g;s]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;xdltsf]
jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ ;xof]u k'uf]; eGg] tyf cy{tGqnfO{ ;fjwfgLk"j{s cufl8
a9fpg lgDg k|ltj4tf JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .
·
tLgvDa]
cy{gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} lghL If]qsf] nufgLsf nflu cg's"n jftfj/0f
l;h{gf ug{ ;/sf/ lqmofzLn /xg]5 . ;/sf/n] cjnDjg u/]sf] jfl0fHo gLlt, cf}Bf]lus
gLlt, ko{6g gLlt nufotsf lghL If]qsf] k|j4{g ;DaGwL gLltx?sf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbOg] ePsf]n] lghL If]q lg?T;flxt x'g'kg]{ cj:yf 5}g .
Jofj;flos nfut sd ug{, k|zf;lgs emGem6x? x6fpg / s/bftfd}qL k|0ffnL cjnDag ug{
;/sf/ k|lta4 5 .
·
of] ah]6
k"0f{ cfsf/sf] geP klg ;/sf/n] cfdhgtfnfO{ k|jfx ug]{ ;]jfdf s'g} sdL x'g
lbOg] 5}g . cTofjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{ k|0ffnLnfO{ yk dha"t
t'NofOg] 5 . df}lb|s gLlt / cGo ljlwåf/f d"No j[l4 lgoGq0f ug{ k|efjsf/L
sbd rflng]5 . ahf/ cg'udg k|0ffnLnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . o;sf nflu ;DalGwt
lgsfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . b"/b/fhdf a;f]jf; ug]{ hgtfnfO{ vfBfGg,
g"g, cf}iflw h:tf b}lgs cTofjZos j:t' ;dod} cfk"lt{ ug]{ k|aGw
ldnfOg]5 .
·
;x;|fAbL ljsf;
nIo xfl;n ug]{ lbzfdf eO/x]sf k|ultnfO{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9fOg] 5 . lzIff tyf
:jf:Yo If]qdf ljutdf ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 . Ps t[tLof+z
ah]6sf] kl/lwleq} /x]/ hgtfnfO{ :jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf] kx'Fr a9fpg yk k|oTg ul/g]5 .
vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf lj:tf/ ug{ ;~rflnt vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog g/f]lsg]
Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
·
jftfj/0f
;+/If0fsf] If]qdf eO/x]sf k|of;x?nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .
·
ldq/fi6« tyf bft[
lgsfox?sf] ;xof]udf ;~rflnt cfof]hgfx? lgjf{w?kdf ;+rfng x'g] k|aGw ul/g]5 . Ps
t[tLof+z ah]6af6 j}b]lzs ;xfotfdf ;~rflnt cfof]hgfsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
;dk"/s sf]if pknJw u/fOg]5 . t;y{, j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 ;+rflnt cfof]hgfx?sf]
sfof{Gjog k|efljt gx'g] ljZjf; lbnfpg rfxG5' .
·
cfGtl/s tyf jfXo
nufgLstf{x?n] pT;fxsf ;fy nufgL ug]{ jftfj/0fdf sdL cfpg lbOg] 5}g . /fli6«o
uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] ?kdf klxrfg ul/Psf sf7df8f+} t/fO{–kmf:6 6«\ofs, bf];|f]
cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn / klZrd ;]tL hnljB't cfof]hgf nufotsf 7"nf
kl/of]hgfx?df 9'Ss eP/ nufgL ug{ nufgLstf{x?nfO{ cfJxfg ub{5' . ;fy}, pBf]u,
vfgL tyf ;]jf If]qdf yk nufgL ug{ ;d]t cg'/f]w ub{5' .
·
k"0f{
cfsf/sf] ah]6sf] cefjdf s]xL cK7\Øf/f] l:ylt b]lvPtfklg lghfdtL, ;]gf / k|x/L
nufot ;a} /fi6«;]js sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ljrlnt geO{ pT;fxsf ;fy cf–cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L
k"/f ug{ cfu|x ub{5' .
·
ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt,
gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?df hfg] :yfgLo lgsfo cg'bfgsf] Ps t[tLof+z
/sdsf] tTsfn clVtof/L hfg] ePsf]n] rfn' sfo{qmdx? lg/Gt/ sfof{Gjog x'g]5g\ .
:yfgLo lgsfox?sf] cfGtl/s ;|f]t kl/rfngdf clxn]sf] kl/l:yltn] s'g} lsl;dsf]
k|lts"n k|efj kg]{ 5}g .
· cfb/0fLo cfdfa'af, lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efOx?,
·
ca, d ;]jf /
sfo{x?sf] nflu ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 /sd lemSg] / vr{ ug]{ clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{
cWofb]z, @)^( sf] d"ne"t ljz]iftfsf] rrf{ ug{ rfxG5' .
·
k|:t't cWofb]zaf6
cfly{s jif{ @)^(.&) sf] nflu ljlgof]hg P]g gcfP;Dd ;fj{hlgs vr{ Joj:yfkg ug{
rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] s'n Joosf] Ps t[tLof+zdf ga9\g] u/L cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf]
nflu vr{ ug]{ clwsf/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g]5 .
·
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
;+ljwfg, @)^# adf]lhd ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ ePsf ljifodf cfly{s jif{ el/s}
nflu ?= %! ca{ @( s/f]8 %^ nfv %& xhf/ / ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 vr{ x'g] ;]jf /
sfo{x?sf nflu rfn' jif{sf] oyfy{ vr{sf] Ps t[tLof+Zfdf ga9\g] u/L vr{ ug{ ?= !
va{ ( ca{ &@ s/f]8 (@ nfv @% xhf/ ;d]t hDdf ?= ! va{ ^! ca{ @ s/f]8 $* nfv
*@ xhf/sf] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5' . oxL Ps t[tLof+zleq ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg vr{ ?= #
ca{, :j]lR5s cjsfz /f]h]sf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'n] kfpg] /sd ?= # ca{ ^( s/f]8 !# nfv
/ ;]gf ;dfof]hg ;DaGwL /fli6«o ljsf; tyf ;'/Iff dxflgb]{zgfno u7g ubf{ nfUg]
vr{ ?= # ca{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5' . tTsfn oyfy{ vr{sf] ljj/0f k|fKt x'g g;Sg] ePsf]n]
Ps t[tLof+z /sd u0fgf ug{sf] nflu ;+zf]lwt Joo cg'dfgnfO{ cfwf/ dflgPsf] 5 .
·
k|:t't cWofb]zaf6
rfn' cfly{s jif{df ;+rfngdf /x]sf cfof]hgfsf] af+sL sfd ah]6sf] ;Ldf leq /xL
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg]5 .
·
of] cWofb]z
cg';f/ vr{ ePsf] /sd ;/sf/n] kl5 k]z ug]{ ljlgof]hg P]g, @)^( df ;dfj]z ul/g]5
.
·
;l~rtsf]ifaf6
lemSg / vr{ ug{ clwsf/ lbPsf] /sd g]kfn ;/sf/sf lgsfox?n] xfn ul//x]sf] ;]jf /
sfo{x?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
·
k|bfg ug{ pkof]u
ul/g]5 . t/ lgjf{rg vr{, :j]lR5s cjsfz /f]h]sf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'n] kfpg]
/sd / ;]gf ;dfof]hg ;DaGwL kl5 u7g x'g] /fli6«o ljsf; tyf ;'/Iff
dxflgb]{zgfnosf] nflu vr{ ug{ jfwf kg]{ 5}g .
·
of] cWofb]zåf/f
k]ZsL :j?k vr{ ug{ clwsf/ lbOPsf] /sd rfn' cfly{s jif{df h'g ah]6 pklzif{saf6
vr{ ul/Psf] xf], ;f]xL pkzLif{saf6 dfq vr{ ug{ kfOg]5 .
·
a}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6
;~rflnt cfof]hgfx?sf] xsdf k]ZsL :j?k lgsf;f ePsf] /sdaf6 ;Demf}tfcg'?k ;~rfng
ug'{ kg]{ gofF sfo{ / cfof]hgfdf klg vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ g]kfn ;/sf/
-sfo{ljefhg_ lgodfjnL, @)^( adf]lhd :yflkt zx/L ljsf; dGqfno / ;xsf/L tyf u/LaL
lgjf/0f dGqfnox?nfO gofF cg'bfg ;+Vof lbOPsf] 5 .
·
:yfgLo
lgsfox?nfO{ hfg] cg'bfg /sdsf] clVtof/L cy{ dGqfnon] ;f]em} :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{
lbg]5 .
·
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
;+ljwfgn] k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/ cg';f/ cfufdL cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷&) df rfn' cfly{s
jif{ @)^*÷^( sf] cfly{s P]g, @)^* adf]lhd g} s/ nufpg / /fh:j ;+sng ug{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . of] Joj:yf cfly{s P]g, @)^( nfu" geP;Ddsf] nflu
dfq sfod /xg]5 .
·
k|:t't cWofb]z
adf]lhd vr{ x'g] /sd /fh:jaf6 Joxf]l/g]5 . /fh:j cfDbfgLaf6 gk'u x'g uPdf g]kfn
/fi6« a}+s P]g, @)%* adf]lhd rfn' cfly{s jif{df ;+sng ePsf] /fh:j cfosf] %
k|ltzt /sd;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 cf]e/8«fˆ6 lnO{ vr{ Joj:yfkg
ug{ ;Sg] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o;/L cf]e/8«fˆ6 lnOPdf k"0f{
cfsf/sf] ah]6 th'{df ubf{ sfod ul/g] cfGtl/s C0fdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
cfb/0fLo
cfdfa'af, lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efOx?,
·
k|:t't Joj:yf
k"0f{ ah]6 gcfpFbf;Dd cGtl/d vr{ Joj:yfkgsf] pkfo dfq xf] . ;/sf/sf] gLlt
tyf sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ePsf] k"0f{ cfsf/sf] ah]6n] dfq cfly{s lqmofsnfkx?
kl/rfng eO{ pRr cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n x'g ;Sg], /fh:j kl/rfngdf ;xhtf cfpg],
cfGtl/s tyf afXo nufgLdf cg's"n k|efj kg]{, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df ;3fp
k'Ug], gofF cfof]hgf Pj+ sfo{qmdx? tyf ax'jifL{o 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfsf cfof]hgfx?
;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng eO{ ;dod} k|ult xfl;n x'g ;Sg], j}b]lzs ;xfotf kl/rfngdf
;xhtf cfpg], /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ l;h{gf x'g] / ;du|df ;/sf/ / /fhgLlts bnk|lt
hgtfsf] ljZjf; a9\g] cj:yf cfpg]5 . To;}n] ljBdfg k|lts"ntfx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg
u/L ;dod} k"0f{ ah]6sf] nflu cg's"n jftfj/0f agfpg d ;a}df xflb{s
cJxfg ub{5' .
·
;DdfggLo
/fi6«kltHo"af6 g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/z adf]lhd æ;]jf /
sfo{x?sf] nflu ;+lrt sf]ifaf6 /sd lemSg] / vr{ ug]{ clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{
cWofb]z, @)^(Æ :jLs[t ul/lbg'ePsf]df xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . ;DdfggLo
pk/fi6«kltHo", ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo", pk–k|wfgdGqLHo"x?,
dGqLHo"x? / ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf zLif{ g]t[Tj txaf6 k|fKt ;xof]u / ;Nnfxsf
nflu xflb{s wGojfb JoQm ub{5' . ;fy} cf–cfˆgf] If]qaf6 ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g]
s/bftf, Jofj;flos tyf k]zfut ;+3;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh, a'l4lhjL, cy{zf:qL /
/fi6«;]js sd{rf/L ;a}nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
·
g]kfnsf] cfly{s
tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df lg/Gt/ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ldq/fi6« Pj+ bft[ ;+:yfx?nfO{ wGojfb
;lxt cfufdL lbgx?df klg lg/Gt/ ;xof]usf] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5' . ;fy}, rfn' cfly{s
jif{sf] ah]6 sfof{Gjogdf ;a} If]qaf6 kfPsf] ;lqmo ;xof]usf nflu xflb{s wGojfb
JoQm ub{5' .
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